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NASA - Breaking News

Ailing “Megaberg” Sparks Surge of Microscopic Life

2026-03-06 05:01




Natural color
Chlorophyll

Iceberg A-23A floats in dark ocean waters colored by greenish-blue swirls of phytoplankton. Light blue pools of meltwater are visible on the surface of the iceberg. Much smaller bergs are scattered across a large area east of A-23A. Clouds along the edges of the image frame the scene.
NASA Earth Observatory

A map of the same area shows chlorophyll-a plumes appearing to emanate from many icebergs scattered throughout the region. Plumes with higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a—a proxy for phytoplankton—appear in lighter shades and dissipate as they drift and swirl in ocean currents.
NASA Earth Observatory

Iceberg A-23A floats in dark ocean waters colored by greenish-blue swirls of phytoplankton. Light blue pools of meltwater are visible on the surface of the iceberg. Much smaller bergs are scattered across a large area east of A-23A. Clouds along the edges of the image frame the scene.
NASA Earth Observatory

A map of the same area shows chlorophyll-a plumes appearing to emanate from many icebergs scattered throughout the region. Plumes with higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a—a proxy for phytoplankton—appear in lighter shades and dissipate as they drift and swirl in ocean currents.
NASA Earth Observatory


Natural color

Chlorophyll

January 25, 2026


Iceberg A-23A has had a more eventful run than most of the large Antarctic icebergs that have calved from the continent’s ice shelves in recent decades. Over its winding, forty-plus-year journey, the “megaberg” spent decades grounded in the Weddell Sea before drifting north, twirling in an ocean vortex for months, and nearly colliding with an island in 2025.

By 2026, the iconic iceberg, sopping with meltwater and shedding smaller bergs as it moved into warmer ocean waters, put on one more show. The chunks of ice and frigid glacial meltwater left in its wake appear to have fueled a surge in phytoplankton abundance, known as a bloom, observed in surface waters by NASA satellites.

Phytoplankton, which harvest sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, form the base of the marine food web. They also produce up to half of the oxygen on Earth and serve as part of the ocean’s “biological carbon pump,” which transfers carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the deep ocean.

The VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) on the Suomi NPP satellite captured this image (left) of the splintering tabular berg on January 25, 2026. The image was acquired after several large pieces had drifted northwestward and then curled toward the northeast following the iceberg breaking apart on January 9. A debris field full of brash ice, small icebergs, and bergy bits was visible east of the largest remaining pieces. Also on January 25, the OCI (Ocean Color Instrument) on NASA’s PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) satellite detected plumes of chlorophyll-a (right) drifting around the remaining bergs and debris field. Researchers use chlorophyll concentrations as a marker of phytoplankton abundance.

A more detailed view of large fragments of A-23A shows distinct melt pools and channels on the surfaces of irregularly shaped icebergs against dark ocean waters. Dozens of much smaller icebergs are scattered around the largest bergs, particularly on the right side of the image.
January 25, 2026

“This bloom is too big and too clearly spreading from the icebergs not to be strongly linked to them,” said Grant Bigg, an emeritus oceanographer at the University of Sheffield. Bigg, who has studied how large icebergs have enhanced phytoplankton activity in this region, noted that while blooms unconnected to icebergs do occur regularly here, satellite imagery shows a connection that has persisted for weeks—increasing his confidence that the iceberg and phytoplankton bloom are related.

The primary factors that limit phytoplankton in this region are access to light and nutrients, explained Heidi Dierssen, an oceanographer at the University of Connecticut. Light can be limiting even in the summer because phytoplankton are often mixed too deeply in the water column due to high winds and turbulence.

Melting icebergs can boost phytoplankton by both creating a stable surface layer with favorable growth conditions and releasing plumes of meltwater rich in iron—a key nutrient for phytoplankton that can be scarce in this part of the South Atlantic, she said. Research indicates that icebergs also often contain significant amounts of manganese and macronutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, that can benefit phytoplankton. These nutrients often accumulate on icebergs through windblown dust or through contact with bedrock or soil.

The Landsat 8 image above, captured by the OLI (Operational Land Imager) on January 25, 2026, shows blue meltwater pooling on several of the larger fragments. The linear patterns are likely related to striations that were etched hundreds of years ago when the ice was part of a glacier moving across Antarctic bedrock. Brown staining, perhaps soil or sediment, is visible on some of the bergs.

Bigg also noted that the phytoplankton signal appears to be more concentrated near the smaller bergs, possibly because these are melting faster, releasing nutrient-rich material at a higher rate. Dierssen added that it’s also possible that chlorophyll concentrations may be higher near the largest bergs than they appear because algorithms sometimes overcorrect for “adjacency effects” near bright surfaces, like ice, when processing chlorophyll data.

Ivona Cetinić, a researcher on NASA’s PACE science team, checked a database for clues about the smallest, or “pico,” phytoplankton swirling around the bergs. The tool, called MOANA (Multiple Ordination ANAlysis), taps into hyperspectral satellite observations of ocean color from PACE.

MOANA indicated that picoeukaryotic phytoplankton—microscopic eukaryotic organisms that respond quickly to changes in temperature or nutrient availability—were thriving in these waters when the image was captured. The swirls to the west of the berg were made of a slightly larger group of cyanobacteria called Synechococcus, she said. The PACE team is currently developing additional tools that will help identify communities of larger types of phytoplankton, which were likely present as well.

Some research suggests that icebergs may have contributed significantly to phytoplankton blooms in this region in recent years, possibly accounting for up to one-fifth of the Southern Ocean’s total carbon sequestration. Other research teams have concluded that surface waters trailing icebergs were about one-third more likely to have increased amounts of phytoplankton compared to background levels.  

How long iceberg A-23A will enhance phytoplankton productivity before and after disintegrating completely remains an open question. NASA scientists watching the berg say it continued to shrink and shed mass in February, but as of March 3, 2026, it remained just slightly above the size threshold required for naming and tracking by the U.S. National Ice Center.

Past research indicates that icebergs can sustain elevated chlorophyll concentrations for more than a month after passing through in trails that stretch for hundreds of kilometers. Icebergs and the blooms surrounding them have also been known to attract fish, seabirds, and other types of marine life, highlighting the important ecological role they play.   

NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCEGIBS/Worldview, and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, PACE data from the NASA Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center OB.DAAC, and Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story Adam Voiland.

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A Giant Iceberg’s Final Drift

3 min read

After a long, turbulent journey, Antarctic Iceberg A-23A is signaling its demise as it floats in the South Atlantic.

Article

Meltwater Turns Iceberg A-23A Blue

6 min read

After a four-decade run, the massive, waterlogged berg is leaking meltwater and on the verge of disintegrating.

Article

Blooming Seas Around the Chatham Islands

2 min read

A vibrant display of phytoplankton encircled the remote New Zealand islands.

Article

About Air Traffic Management and Safety Project

2026-03-06 04:29

2 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

Animated gif showing air traffic management and safety (ATMS) project levels in airspace and the various vehicles.
Computer simulation showing how aircraft and other vehicles of all types can safely navigate through the National Air Space.
NASA / Kyle Jenkins

The Air Traffic Management and Safety (ATMS) project defines, validates, and transfers advanced requirements and technologies to shift air traffic management from tactical to strategic. 

This change enables efficient, productive, and resilient operations while reducing safety assurance and compliance costs for highly automated systems.  

ATMS researches and develops technologies that safely integrate new air vehicles with traditional aviation operations to meet growing demand. Through close collaboration with the FAA, ATMS delivers actionable automation solutions, advanced operational concepts, and proactive safety management frameworks that accelerate airspace modernization. 

ATMS strengthens system resilience and expands human capacity by reducing cognitive workload, minimizing airline delays, and lowering operating costs while enhancing terminal safety and optimizing operational performance. 

ATMS tackles barriers in the increasingly complex and diverse airspace by focusing its research on three areas: 

Strategic Harmonization for Integrated Flows and Trajectories

The National Airspace System (NAS) is evolving toward greater complexity and demand. Current tactical approaches limit scalability, efficiency, and predictability. ATMS research represents a paradigm change—from reactive, tactical decision-making to proactive, strategic management of traffic flows and trajectories. 

Safely Enable Routine Autonomous Operations 

Advancements in automation can reduce human workload, mitigate hazards, and enable new entrants across advanced air mobility. Critical gaps—in hazard perception and avoidance, seamless ATC integration, and flight procedures—still pose safety and operational risks. Without ATMS’ targeted research, autonomous taxi, approach, and landing will remain fragmented and heavily human-dependent, limiting efficiency and innovation. 

Assurance Methods for Aircraft Automation

The aviation community is converging on assurance approaches that balance trust, evidence, and scalability. To ensure innovation and adoption of key automation capabilities, ATMS helps to define explicit safety objectives and meaningful notions of traceability across development and operations. Scaled adoption requires assurance processes that integrate design and operational assurance, so that requirements flow down to models, scenarios, analysis, test cases and metrics—and that these generate traceable, reusable evidence and operational outcomes. 

ATMS delivers practical solutions that benefit every stakeholder in the aviation ecosystem—from air traffic controllers and pilots to passengers and operators—ensuring America ‘s skies remain the safest and most efficient in the world.  

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Last Updated
Mar 05, 2026
Editor
Jim Banke
Contact
Megan Ritter
About Advanced Air Mobility Pathfinders Project

2026-03-06 02:59

2 min read

Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

NASA / Kyle Jenkins

The Advanced Air Mobility Pathfinders (AAMP) project accelerates advanced air mobility technologies for wildfire response and urban transportation through real-world demonstrations and strategic partnerships.

AAMP researches emerging technologies, establishes aircraft strategic deconfliction frameworks, and validates solutions in metropolitan areas to enable larger-scale urban air mobility.

The project enhances Unmanned Aircraft Systems capabilities for wildfire mitigation and disaster response by transferring Portable Airspace Management System technologies to enable routine, safe, and efficient Beyond Visual Line of Sight operations.

AAMP delivers scalable technologies, integration standards, and coordination tools that drive industry adoption and improve multi-agency collaboration for emergency response. 

More AAMP details

The project is dedicated to demonstrating and validating the safe and practical integration of advanced air mobility technologies. We focus on developing, evaluating, and transferring performance requirements for:  

    Portable Airspace Management System — To enable safe, scalable, and continuous (24/7) aerial operations, especially in challenging degraded visual environments. 

    Airspace Service Providers — Managing medium-density advanced air mobility operations, aligning with the AAM National Strategy.  

     Our goal is to ensure these systems are ready for real-world use in emergency operations as well as urban transportation. AAMP actively collaborates with government agencies, academia, and industry stakeholders. These partnerships are vital for validating the safe and effective performance of these new technologies. 

    This, in turn, enables safe, practical, and resilient urban air mobility operations. AAMP bridges the gap between research and implementation, making Advanced Air Mobility a trusted solution for everyday transportation and life-saving missions across the United States.  

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    Last Updated
    Mar 05, 2026
    Editor
    Jim Banke
    Contact
    Megan Ritter
    About Airspace Operations and Safety Program (AOSP)

    2026-03-05 20:30

    2 min read

    Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

    AOSP artist concept graphic of various aircraft over a city.

    The Airspace Operations and Safety Program (AOSP) accelerates the transformation of the National Airspace System (NAS) to meet the variety, density, and complexity of future airspace users. Our mission is to ensure that U.S. skies remain safe, innovative, and globally competitive while enabling Advanced Air Mobility and next-generation aviation technologies. 

     AOSP partners with the FAA, industry, academia, and other government agencies to ensure seamless integration of emerging technologies and new entrants into the NAS. Together, we are shaping a future where innovation and safety go hand in hand. 

    How AOSP Accelerates Transformation 

    • Develop and Scale Capabilities 
      Advance airspace operations through automation, data-driven decision-making, and prognostic technologies that support NAS modernization. 
    • Enable Advanced Air Mobility
      Develop airspace concepts, standards, and validation tools that enable integration of new air vehicle operations at scale. 
    • Digitize and Automate
      Leveraging digital information and automation that enhance safety, efficiency, and operational capacity across the NAS. 
    • Advance Wildfire Emergency Aerial Response
      Develop technologies and operational concepts that enable safe, efficient aerial emergency response to wildfires. 

    Why It Matters 

    AOSP’s work delivers tangible benefits for passengers, operators, and the aviation industry: 

    • Fewer Airline Delays
      Streamlined operations reduce congestion and improve on-time performance. 
    • Lower Operating Costs
      Efficiency gains translate into cost savings for airlines and operators. 
    • Reduced Controller Workload
      Automation and predictive tools ease the burden on air traffic controllers. 
    • Improved Passenger Experience
      Faster, more reliable travel increases the value of time for travelers. 
    • Economic Growth & U.S. Leadership
      Driving innovation in drones and Advanced Air Mobility strengthens U.S. competitiveness. 
    • Enhanced Safety
      Every initiative is rooted in our unwavering commitment to safe integration of new technologies. 

    As aviation evolves, AOSP stands at the forefront—championing a future where Advanced Air Mobility, automation, and safety converge to create a smarter, more capable airspace for all users.  

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    Discover More Topics From NASA

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    Last Updated
    Mar 06, 2026
    Editor
    Jim Banke
    Contact
    Megan Ritter
    NASA Wallops Supports First Rocket Lab HASTE Launch of 2026 

    2026-03-05 17:13

    A Rocket Lab HASTE rocket lifts off at night from NASA's Wallops Island, with bright orange and white flames illuminating billowing clouds of smoke against a black sky. Launch structure towers are visible on either side of the rocket.
    A Rocket Lab HASTE rocket launches into the night sky from Launch Complex 2 at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia on Feb. 27, 2026
    NASA/Danielle Johnson

    NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility supported a Rocket Lab HASTE suborbital launch from the company’s Launch Complex 2 in Virginia on Feb. 27, 2026. The mission, called Cassowary Vex, supported a flight of a hypersonic test platform for the Department of War’s Defense Innovation Unit. 


    The NASA Wallops launch range supported by providing services such as tracking, telemetry, and range safety to ensure a safe and successful mission. NASA Wallops plays a key role in enabling national security missions at its launch range for commercial partners and other government agencies. 


    Image Credit: NASA/ Danielle Johnson

    A long exposure photograph of a HASTE launch, which is a white streak against a black sky with a blurry white circular that is the Moon in the left corner.
    A February 27, 2026 nighttime launch of a Rocket Lab HASTE rocket from NASA’s Wallops Island.
    NASA/Danielle Johnson

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    Last Updated
    Mar 05, 2026

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    2026-03-05 21:33

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