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For the second consecutive year, winter sea ice in the Arctic reached a level that matches the lowest peak observed since satellite monitoring began in 1979. On March 15, Arctic sea ice extent reached 5.52 million square miles (14.29 million square kilometers), very close to the 2025 peak of 5.53 million square miles (14.31 million square kilometers). Scientists with NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, note that the two years are statistically tied.
Along with the overall extent, researchers are also observing changes in ice thickness. “Based on what we’re seeing with NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite, much of the ice in the Arctic is thinner this year, especially in the Barents Sea northeast of Greenland.,” said Nathan Kurtz, chief of the Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “The Sea of Okhotsk that borders northern Japan and Russia also had relatively low ice this year — a region that naturally experiences significant year-to-year variability.”
Scientists with NASA and NSIDC found that this winter’s peak Arctic ice coverage continues the long-term trend observed over the past several decades. This year, peak ice cover was below the average levels between 1981 and 2010 by roughly half a million square miles (about 1.3 million square kilometers).
Sea ice extent is defined as the total area of the ocean with at least 15% ice concentration. The area of the Arctic Ocean covered in ice expands in the cold of winter. Although much of the sea ice melts in warmer months, some ice remains throughout the year. Recently, less new ice has been forming. As a result, less multi-year ice has accumulated.
“A low year or two don’t necessarily mean much by themselves,” said NSIDC ice scientist Walt Meier. But viewed within the long‑term downward trend since 1979, Meier added, they add to the overall picture of change in Arctic sea ice throughout the seasons.
In the Antarctic, summer sea ice reached an annual low of 996,000 square miles (2.58 million square kilometers) on Feb. 26. This year’s coverage represents an increase compared to the unusually low levels of the past four years. Although 100,000 square miles (260,000 square kilometers) lower than the 1981–2010 average, the Antarctic sea ice minimum was well above the record low set on Feb. 21, 2023, of 691,000 square miles (1.79 million square kilometers).
Scientists at NSIDC previously tracked sea ice extent primarily using satellites in the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. In recent years, the NSIDC has relied on JAXA’s (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 for real-time sea ice data. Researchers also compare ice coverage to historical sources, such as the data collected between 1978 and 1985 with the Nimbus-7 satellite that was jointly operated by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
By James Riordon
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Media contact: Elizabeth Vlock
NASA Headquarters, Washington
2026-03-26 16:58
NASA’s IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) mission has taken a new observation of a supernova, RCW 86, seen here in an image released on March 24, 2026. This observation helps fill in a fuller picture of what other telescopes have seen.
The full image combines IXPE’s data with legacy observations from two other X-ray telescopes: NASA’s Chandra and the ESA (European Space Agency) XMM-Newton telescope. The yellow represents low-energy X-rays, while blue shows high-energy X-rays detected by Chandra and XMM-Newton. The starfield in the image comes from the National Science Foundation’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab).
Image credit: X-ray: Chandra: NASA/CXC/SAO, XMM: ESA/XMM-NEWTON, IXPE:NASA/MSFC; Optical: NSF/NOIRLab; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Schmidt
2026-03-26 15:26
4 min read

Written by Deborah Padgett, MSL Operations Product Ground System Task Lead at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Earth planning date: Friday, March 20, 2026
Curiosity has just concluded a very intense week of science observations and engineering activities, as it wraps up its monthslong investigation of the Martian boxwork terrain. Three days of planning this week by the MSL science and engineering team has led to three rover drives, three sets of targets for detailed study by instruments on Curiosity’s arm, and a vast array of in-situ data characterizing the southern reaches of the boxwork terrain on the shoulder of Mount Sharp on Mars.
As the week began on Mars sol 4838, Curiosity used cameras on Mastcam and ChemCam to image ridge and butte targets “Salar de Maricunga,” “El Misti,” “Saipina” ridges and the “Paniri” butte. Mastcam also looked at bedrock fractures on target “Sajta.” The laser spectrometer on ChemCam examined the composition of the target “Tacitas.” After brushing away a great deal of dust off the bedrock target “Toro Wharku” with the DRT, then MAHLI and APXS studied it in detail. MAHLI also performed detailed imaging of the nearby ledge “Rincodillas.” In the afternoon, Mastcam Tau and Navcam line-of sight observations measured the amount of dust in the Martian atmosphere.
On sol 4839 Curiosity finished up investigation of Toro Wharku with ChemCam laser spectroscopy and Mastcam imaging. A long-distance ChemCam RMI 10×1 mosaic was obtained on the Paniri butte, and Navcam took cloud and dust-devil movies. The rover then drove 35 meters (about 115 feet) toward the southern contact of the boxwork terrain with the adjacent sulfate unit, and performed post-drive photography of a 360-degree panorama around the vehicle using Navcam.
On Sol 4840, those images allowed selection of a uniquely shaped rock formation dubbed “Llisa” for laser spectrometer study with ChemCam and Mastcam. Although no reachable bedrock was smooth enough for DRT brushing, MAHLI obtained microscopic images of “Chusumayo” and APXS target “Sierra Gorda,” in bedrock showing very intriguing sedimentary layers. Mastcam also imaged these layers at targets “Limbaba” and “Limbaba2.” The ChemCam telescope RMI camera looked back along Curiosity’s path at the now distant Mishe Mokwa butte, viewing its stratigraphy from a different angle. Atmospheric studies included a Mastcam sky survey, Mastcam tau, and Navcam dust-devil movie. The following sol, 4841, concluded the study of Chusumayo with ChemCam LIBS observations of nearby target “La Troya.”
On Sol 4841, Curiosity drove 39 meters (about 128 feet) farther south. In Friday’s plan for sols 4842 through 4844, the sol starts with ChemCam laser spectrometer composition and Mastcam imaging studies of outcrop “San Julien,” followed by telescopic RMI images of the “Santa Rita” dark ridge material. Mastcam will then obtain a series of mosaics documenting the southern contact between the boxwork structures and the sulfate unit, from nearby bedrock to the more distant hillsides of the Paniri butte. Mastcam imaging will also investigate the possibility of regolith movement in a trough. A supra horizon cloud movie, dust-devil movie, and line-of-sight dust observations with Navcam will integrate atmospheric investigations into the morning science block. Curiosity will then unstow the arm, performing a DRT brushing, MAHLI imaging, and APXS measurement on target “Challapata.” Another Navcam line-of-sight plus a Mastcam tau will complete atmospheric dust measurements for the sol.
The following sol, 4843, will see ChemCam laser spectroscopy and Mastcam imaging of dark ridge target “Santa Laura.” Mastcam will then obtain additional mosaics of the southern contact (“Yungas de Arepucho”), as well as a “Limbaba lookback” target. ChemCam’s RMI telescope will image the upper reaches of Paniri butte, complementing the Mastcam coverage. Morning and evening studies by Navcam and Mastcam will continue the time series of dust and dynamics in the Martian atmosphere, accompanied by an overnight APXS atmospheric observation.
On the morning of sol 4844, ChemCam will complete the study of Challapata with laser spectroscopy, and Mastcam will document the changes in the target after it is zapped. After a ChemCam passive sky observation and Navcam dust-devil survey, Curiosity will drive 11 more meters to the south (36 feet), most likely crossing the long-awaited boundary between the Martian boxwork structures and the sulfate unit beyond. During the drive, MAHLI will perform a full set of wheel imaging to track the wear on the rover’s wheels. In concert with the post-drive imaging, ChemCam and Navcam will perform an AEGIS investigation, allowing the on-board processing of Navcam data to choose a ChemCam LIBS target before our human team sees the images. The plan concludes on the morning of sol 4845 with ChemCam laser spectroscopy of this new AEGIS target, in addition to atmospheric studies with Navcam and Mastcam.
Next week, Curiosity leaves the Martian boxwork terrain behind in its quest for new discoveries.

2026-03-26 14:55

Diversos eventos previos al lanzamiento, del lanzamiento y de la misión Artemis II de la NASA alrededor de la Luna se transmitirán en línea. La agencia tiene como fecha objetivo no antes del miércoles 1 de abril para este vuelo de prueba, con una ventana de lanzamiento de dos horas que se abre a las 6:24 p.m. EDT (hora del este), y con oportunidades de lanzamiento adicionales hasta el lunes 6 de abril.
Artemis II es la primera misión tripulada de la NASA en el marco del programa Artemis y despegará desde el Centro Espacial Kennedy de la agencia en Florida. La misión llevará a los astronautas de la NASA Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover y Christina Koch, junto con el astronauta de la CSA (Agencia Espacial Canadiense) Jeremy Hansen, en un viaje de aproximadamente 10 días alrededor de la Luna. Entre los objetivos de la agencia está poner a prueba los sistemas de soporte vital de la nave espacial Orion por primera vez con personas a bordo y sentar las bases para futuras misiones tripuladas de Artemis. Las ruedas de prensa, los eventos y la cobertura de la misión durante las 24 horas del día, los siete días de la semana, se transmitirán en el canal de YouTube de la agencia, y cada evento tendrá su propia transmisión a medida que se acerque su hora de inicio. Descubra cómo ver el contenido de la NASA a través de diversas plataformas en línea, incluidas las redes sociales.
La fecha y/u hora de todos los eventos están sujetas a cambios. Una lista completa de las actividades de cobertura de Artemis II está disponible en línea en:
Los siguientes eventos destacados previos al lanzamiento y del día del lanzamiento se indican en hora del este de Estados Unidos:
Viernes, 27 de marzo
Domingo, 29 de marzo
Lunes, 30 de marzo
Martes, 31 de marzo
Miércoles, 1 de abril
Cobertura de la misión
La cobertura en tiempo real de la NASA continuará durante toda la misión a través de YouTube. La agencia también proporcionará otra transmisión en vivo con vistas desde la nave espacial Orion, siempre que el ancho de banda lo permita.
La agencia proporcionará informes diarios sobre el estado de la misión desde el Centro Espacial Johnson de la NASA en Houston a partir del jueves 2 de abril (excepto el 6 de abril, debido a las actividades del sobrevuelo lunar).
La tripulación participará en conversaciones en vivo durante toda la misión. La NASA comunicará las horas exactas de cada uno de estos eventos en el blog de Artemis y en la página de eventos de lanzamiento de la agencia, ambos en inglés.
Para participar virtualmente en las ruedas de prensa, los medios de comunicación deben confirmar su asistencia a más tardar dos horas antes del inicio de cada conferencia, escribiendo en inglés a la sala de prensa del centro Johnson de la NASA a: jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov.
Cobertura del lanzamiento y la misión en el sitio web de la NASA
Las actualizaciones durante la cuenta regresiva del lanzamiento y a lo largo de la misión se publicarán en el blog de Artemis, en inglés.
Todas las imágenes más recientes estarán disponibles en: Artemis II Multimedia
Para seguir la posición de Orion en el espacio, visite: nasa.gov/trackartemis
Asista al lanzamiento de forma virtual
Los miembros del público pueden registrarse para asistir al lanzamiento de forma virtual. El programa de invitados virtuales de la NASA para esta misión incluye recursos seleccionados sobre el lanzamiento, notificaciones sobre oportunidades relacionadas o cambios, y un sello para el pasaporte de invitado virtual de la NASA después del lanzamiento, todo en inglés.
Cobertura del lanzamiento solo en audio
Los medios de comunicación pueden escuchar la cobertura solo en audio de la carga de combustible y el lanzamiento marcando el +1 256-715-9946, código de acceso 682-040-632. Para quienes se encuentren en el condado de Brevard en la Costa Espacial, el audio del lanzamiento también estará disponible en la frecuencia de radio VHF 146.940 MHz —a través del Servicio de Información de Lanzamientos y Sistema de Televisión de Aficionados— y en la frecuencia de radio UHF de 444.925 MHz del Club de Radioaficionados del centro Kennedy de la NASA, en modo FM.
El plazo para la acreditación de medios de comunicación para la cobertura presencial del lanzamiento y los eventos de la misión ya ha vencido. La política de acreditación de medios de la agencia está disponible en línea. Si tiene alguna pregunta sobre la acreditación de medios en el centro Kennedy de la NASA, envíe un correo electrónico en inglés a: ksc-media-accreditat@mail.nasa.gov. Si tiene alguna pregunta sobre la acreditación de medios en el centro Johnson de la NASA, envíe un correo electrónico en inglés a: jsccommu@mail.nasa.gov.
Para obtener información sobre cómo acceder a las transmisiones, envíe un correo electrónico en inglés al equipo de programación de NASA+: nasa-dl-nasaplus-programming@mail.nasa.gov
Como parte de una edad de oro de innovación y exploración, la NASA enviará a los astronautas de Artemis en misiones cada vez más complejas para explorar más de la Luna con fines de descubrimiento científico, beneficios económicos, y para sentar las bases de las primeras misiones tripuladas a Marte.
Para obtener más información sobre el programa Artemis de la NASA, visite:
https://www.nasa.gov (inglés)
https://ciencia.nasa.gov/artemis (español)
-fin-
Cheryl Warner / Lauren Low / María José Viñas
Sede central, Washington
202-358-1600
cheryl.m.warner@nasa.gov / lauren.e.low@nasa.gov / maria-jose.vinasgarcia@nasa.gov
Tiffany Fairley
Centro Espacial Kennedy, Florida
321-747-8306
tiffany.l.fairley@nasa.gov
Chelsey Ballarte
Centro Espacial Johnson, Houston
281-483-5111
chelsey.n.ballarte@nasa.gov
2026-03-26 14:00
Astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have found evidence that the spinning of a small comet slowed and then reversed its direction of rotation, offering a dramatic example of how volatile activity can affect the spin and physical evolution of small bodies in the solar system. This is the first time researchers have observed evidence of a comet reversing its spin.
The object, comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák, or 41P for short, likely originated in the Kuiper Belt, and was flung into its current trajectory by Jupiter’s gravity, now visiting the inner solar system every 5.4 years.
After its 2017 close passage around the Sun, scientists found that comet 41P experienced a dramatic slowdown in its rotation. Data from NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory in May 2017 showed the object was spinning three times more slowly than it had in March 2017 when it was observed by the Discovery Channel Telescope at Lowell Observatory in Arizona.
A new analysis of follow-up Hubble observations has shown the spin of this comet took an even more unusual turn.
Hubble images from December 2017 detected the comet spinning much faster again, with a period of approximately 14 hours, compared to the 46 to 60 hours measured by Swift. The simplest explanation, researchers say, is that the comet continued slowing until it almost stopped, and was then forced to spin in the near-opposite direction by outgassing jets on its surface.
The science paper detailing this finding published Thursday in The Astronomical Journal.
Small, temperamental nucleus
Hubble also constrains the size of the comet’s nucleus, measuring it at around 0.6 miles across (about a kilometer), or about three times the height of the Eiffel Tower.
This is especially small for a comet, making it easy to torque, or twist.
As a comet approaches the Sun, heat causes frozen ices to sublimate, venting material into space.
“Jets of gas streaming off the surface can act like small thrusters,” said paper author David Jewitt of the University of California at Los Angeles. “If those jets are unevenly distributed, they can dramatically change how a comet, especially a small one, rotates.”
The comet was originally spinning in one direction, but gas jets pushing against that motion gradually slowed it down. Because the jets kept pushing, they ultimately caused the comet to start rotating in the opposite direction.
“It’s like pushing a merry-go-round,” said Jewitt. “If it’s turning in one direction, and then you push against that, you can slow it and reverse it.”
Evidence of rapid evolution
The study also shows that the comet’s overall activity has declined significantly since earlier returns. During its 2001 perihelion passage, 41P was unusually active for its size. By 2017, its gas production had decreased by roughly an order of magnitude.
This change suggests that the comet’s surface may be evolving quickly, possibly as near-surface volatile materials become depleted or covered by insulating dust layers.
Most changes in comet structure occur over centuries or longer. The rapid rotational shifts observed in comet 41P provide a rare opportunity to witness evolutionary processes unfolding on a human timescale.
Modeling based on the measured torques and mass loss rates suggest that continued rotational changes could eventually lead to structural instability for comet 41P. If a comet spins too rapidly, centrifugal forces can overcome its weak gravity and strength, potentially causing fragmentation or even disintegration.
“I expect this nucleus will very quickly self-destruct,” said Jewitt.
Yet, comet 41P has likely occupied its present orbit for roughly 1,500 years.
Archival find
Hubble has been collecting imaging and spectroscopic data from across the cosmos for over 35 years, and all of those observations are available in the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, a central repository for data from more than a dozen astronomical missions, including Hubble.
Jewitt found these observations while browsing the archive, and realized they were yet-to-be analyzed.
By making NASA’s science data open to all, observations made years, or even decades ago, can be revisited to answer new scientific questions. In many cases, scientists continue to make discoveries not just with new observations, but by mining the archive built over decades of space exploration.
The Hubble Space Telescope has been operating for over three decades and continues to make ground-breaking discoveries that shape our fundamental understanding of the universe. Hubble is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope and mission operations. Lockheed Martin Space, based in Denver, also supports mission operations at Goddard. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, conducts Hubble science operations for NASA.
Claire Andreoli
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland
claire.andreoli@nasa.gov
Hannah Braun, Ann Jenkins
Space Telescope Science Institute
Baltimore, Maryland
2026-03-26 18:05
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