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3 min read
Written by Alex Innanen, Atmospheric Scientist at York University, Toronto
Earth planning date: Friday, July 10, 2026
Curiosity had a successful long weekend and came into this week ready to explore some more. We’ve been moving fairly rapidly through different mapped “units,” or distinct geological areas of interest, visiting a different one at each of our three stops this week. The terrain all around us can give us clues about the past environment of Gale Crater, and geologists can look at the different compositions and appearances of what may look like ordinary rocks to the rest of us, to infer how it was laid down and altered by its environment in the distant past.
All three of our stops this week included contact science with MAHLI and APXS, as well as compositional analyses with the ChemCam LIBS instrument. Mastcam and ChemCam also continued to study the broader context of this area with medium and longer-distance imaging of the buttes and other formations we see around us. Among the different layers and textures of bedrock are features that formed from some past erosion and we looked at different examples of these through the week, as well.
While every rock Curiosity chooses to examine is special (that’s why we give them all names!), two in particular stood out this week. Monday’s and Wednesday’s workspaces both contained rocks that were darker than the ones around them, so they may have been brought in from elsewhere, or could even be meteorites. To help figure out their histories, we turned LIBS on them to look at their compositions.
Of course we are not only interested in peering into Mars’ past — we also care about its present environment. As we approach the end of the Mars year, moving through summer in Gale Crater and looking towards autumn, the atmosphere almost seems to calm. The turn of the Mars year sees us transition from the dusty season back into the cloudy season, so we’re keeping a keen eye on both dust and clouds. This time of year is the last gasp of the dusty season, what we call the “C” storm season, when mid-size, regional dust storms can form. So we’re keeping an eye out for signs of these with both Mastcam and Navcam. Aside from our dust and cloud imaging, we — as always — have our trusty suite of REMS instruments adding to our daily meteorological record of Gale Crater with regular measurements.

2026-07-15 04:01

It’s still relatively early in the summer season in the Northern Hemisphere, but several parts of North America were sweltering in mid-July.
The latest purveyor of heat was a strong ridge of high pressure that lingered in the upper atmosphere over the northern Rockies on the weekend of July 11-12, 2026. This pushed hot air toward the surface and trapped it there—a weather phenomenon meteorologists call a heat dome.
Heat domes put the brakes on convection and suppress clouds and precipitation. This allows sunlight to reach Earth’s surface relatively unhindered and further elevate air temperatures. As a result of the July heat dome, sites in Montana, Wyoming, and Utah broke all-time temperature records.
The map above shows air temperatures across the United States on July 12, 2026, at 2 p.m. Mountain Time, modeled at 2 meters (6.5 feet) above the ground. It was produced by combining satellite observations with temperatures predicted by a version of the GEOS (Goddard Earth Observing System) model, which uses mathematical equations to represent physical processes in the atmosphere. The darkest reds indicate areas where temperatures approached or exceeded 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit).
A preliminary analysis from the National Weather Service office in Billings found that temperature sensors at airports in Billings and Miles City, Montana (111°F and 115°F, respectively), and Sheridan, Wyoming (109°F), all recorded new all-time record highs on July 12. Each of these stations topped its previous record by at least 2°F, with Miles City breaking its record by a full 4°F. The Montana records date to the 1930s; the Sheridan record begins in 1907.
Multiple locations in Utah broke all-time records as well, according to the National Weather Service office in Salt Lake City, including Deseret (111°F), Salt Lake City (109°F, or 4°F above the previous record), and Randolph (100°F, or 6°F above the previous record). These stations in Utah have records that date back to the 1890s.
Extreme heat doesn’t just make people uncomfortable. It can have serious health consequences, particularly for older people. Extreme heat worsens common age-related health conditions such as heart, lung, and kidney disease. Health tracking data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the rate of heat-related emergency department visits in the Mountain states spiked tenfold during the July heat.
Heat waves like this one have become more frequent in the United States in recent decades, according to researchers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Using a NASA modeling system called MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications-2), one NASA team found that summer heat waves in the U.S. roughly doubled in number between 1980 and 2023, increasing from an average of two to four per month.
Forecasters expect the heat dome to spread east into the Midwest, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic in the coming days, where triple-digit temperatures are likely in some areas. The United States isn’t alone in facing significant heat. Parts of both Western Europe, Central Asia, and East Asia are also facing heat waves.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Michala Garrison, using GEOS-FP data from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office at NASA GSFC. Story by Adam Voiland.
Stay up-to-date with the latest content from NASA as we explore the universe and discover more about our home planet.

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2026-07-14 21:03
The Republic of Serbia will sign the Artemis Accords at 5 p.m. EDT Thursday, July 16, during a ceremony at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
NASA Deputy Administrator Matt Anderson will host Serbia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Marko Đurić and U.S. State Department Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs Wesley Brooks for the ceremony.
This event is in person only. Media interested in attending must RSVP no later than 3 p.m. on July 16, to: hq-media@mail.nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is online.
In 2020, during the first Trump Administration, the United States, led by NASA and the State Department, joined with seven other founding nations to establish the Artemis Accords, responding to the growing interest in lunar activities by both governments and private companies.
The accords introduced the first set of practical principles aimed at enhancing the safety, transparency, and coordination of civil space exploration on the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Serbia will be the 69th country to sign the Artemis Accords.
https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-accords
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Camille Gallo / Elizabeth Shaw
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
camille.m.gallo@nasa.gov / elizabeth.a.shaw@nasa.gov
2026-07-14 18:26
NASA astronaut Anil Menon, along with Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Anna Kikina, arrived safely at the International Space Station Tuesday, bringing the orbiting laboratory’s crew to 10 for about the next two weeks.
The trio launched aboard the Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft at 10:47 a.m. EDT (7:47 p.m. local time) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. After a three-hour, two-orbit journey, the spacecraft docked at 1:52 p.m. with the station’s Prichal module.
Following hatch opening, expected about 4 p.m., the new arrivals will be welcomed by the space station Expedition 74 crew: NASA astronauts Jessica Meir, Jack Hathaway, and Chris Williams; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot; and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov, Sergei Mikaev, and Andrey Fedyaev.
NASA’s live coverage of hatch opening begins at 3:30 p.m. on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and YouTube. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
During his stay aboard the station, Menon will conduct scientific research and technology demonstrations aimed at advancing human space exploration and benefiting life on Earth. He will continue research to refine in-space production of semiconductor crystals to enable the large-scale manufacturing of components needed for high-performance computers, artificial intelligence, and improved medical devices. Menon also will perform ultrasound using augmented reality and artificial intelligence methods that could eliminate the need for medical support from Earth on future space missions. He will be a test subject helping researchers understand how blood flow is affected in space to protect future astronauts. He also will test bioprinting vascular constructs in microgravity to improve understanding of the aging process to advance therapeutic developments.
Expedition 75 is scheduled to begin on Sunday, July 26, following the departure of Williams, Kud-Sverchkov, and Mikaev, as they conclude an eight-month science mission aboard the orbital outpost.
Watch the change of command ceremony at 9:40 a.m. on Saturday, July 25, as station command transfers from Kud-Sverchkov to Meir, live on NASA+.
Learn more about International Space Station, crews, research, and operations at:
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Joshua Finch / Jimi Russell
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1100
joshua.a.finch@nasa.gov / james.j.russell@nasa.gov
Sandra Jones
Johnson Space Center, Houston
281-483-5111
sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov
2026-07-14 18:06

Blue and white stars shine brilliantly against a crimson background of glowing gas in this July 3, 2026, image of stellar nursery LH 95 from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. LH 95 is a region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy that orbits the Milky Way. Low-mass infant stars live alongside massive blue giant stars in what is known as a stellar association, one of many in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Image credit: NASA, ESA, and N. Da Rio (The University of Virginia), G. De Marchi (European Space Agency – ESTEC), and D. Gouliermis (Universitat Heidelberg); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)
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