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On the morning of May 5, 1961, the Mercury-Redstone 3 launch vehicle lifted into the sky from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. Over the next 15 minutes, Shepard ascended to an altitude of 116 miles (187 kilometers) in his Freedom 7 spacecraft, becoming the first American to fly into space before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean. This short flight marked the United Statesâ entry into human spaceflight and was a defining first step that would carry the nation to the Moon just eight years later.
Sixty-five years later, as NASA accelerates the pace for the Artemis missions that will return astronauts to the surface of the Moon and lay the foundations for a Moon base, the anniversary of Shepardâs flight offers an opportunity to reflect on the pioneering spirit of NASAâs Project Mercury and Project Gemini missions.
Image credit: NASA
2026-05-05 15:35

NASAâs Juno spacecraft captured this view of Thebe, the second largest of Jupiterâs inner moons, during a close pass on May 1, 2026. The spacecraftâs Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) captured this image from a distance of approximately 3,100 miles (5,000 kilometers) at a resolution of about 1.9 miles (3 kilometers) per pixel.
Thebe resides at the outer edge of Jupiterâs faint ring system and is believed to play a role in the formation of the planetâs âgossamerâ ring through the shedding of dust.
While the SRUâs primary function is to image star fields for navigation, its high sensitivity in low-light conditions makes it a powerful secondary science instrument. The SRU has previously been used to discover âshallow lightningâ in Jupiterâs atmosphere and to image the planetâs ring system.
A division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, JPL manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott J. Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Juno is part of NASAâs New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASAâs Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agencyâs Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
For more information about Juno, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/juno
2026-05-05 15:09
A new Sun-centered and science-focused coloring book produced by NASA in partnership with the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) is now available for people to learn while showing their artistic side.
The book, titled âJourney Through the Heliosphere: The Sun-Earth System in Color,â has twenty-eight, 11âx14â pages, and includes science facts and coloring pages for ten themes, including the Sunâs magnetic field, the solar wind, the aurora, eclipses, and how the Sun influences Earth. The bookâs art and language is designed to engage with and educate students in grades 6-12 and adults. It includes a reference chart of solar terms in seven of Alaskaâs many Indigenous languages and features a glossary of scientific terms relating to heliophysics on the last two pages.
Staff from NASA, Oregon State University, the UAF International Arctic Research Center, and the Geophysical Instituteâs outreach and design teams collaborated to bring Journey Through the Heliosphere to life over the course of two years. Lynda McGilvary, who leads the Geophysical Instituteâs education outreach team, praises this group effort. âIt leveraged the strengths of each organization in a way that resulted in something that will support the goal of increasing Americaâs heliophysics literacy one coloring page at time,â she said. âI think it was a labor of love for us.â
NASA came up with the coloring book idea as part of its Heliophysics Education Activation Team, known as HEAT. HEAT members from NASA and UAF worked together to conceptualize the book and bring the space agencyâs science expertise to learners at all levels of knowledge. The book aims to transform the complex system of heliophysics into something that everyone can see, touch and connect with by blending art, science, and cultural perspectives.Â
The coloring book also had input from 13 Alaska Native language speakers, who shared their cultural knowledge about the Sun. Links within the book connect to the Cultural Connections online pronunciation guide, so users can hear fluent speakers correctly speaking each of the translated words.
McGilvary hopes the coloring book will encourage classroom and community discussions about Alaskaâs important linguistic diversity. âWe hope that it will lead people to independently seek out and use other languages, especially the heritage languages of their friends and neighbors,â she said.
She also noted the decades-long relationship NASA has with UAF, which brings together cutting-edge science, deep expertise in the SunâEarth system, and strong connections to Alaska communities. âThis coloring book is a tangible reflection of that relationship and the fact that it extends beyond the amazing science that NASA and UAF conduct together,â she said. âIt was such a privilege to work with NASAâs heliophysics experts on this publication, and I personally learned so much more about the Sun and our solar system in the process.â
Download the entire coloring book or individual sections of it:Â
NASA HEAT is part of the NASA Science Activation program, which connects learners of all ages with authentic NASA science content, experts, and experiences. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn/about-science-activation/
2026-05-05 13:48
A new paper from NASAâs Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 project announces that volunteers have essentially doubled the number of known brown dwarfs, with over 3,000 new discoveries made over the past 10 years since the project began. Brown dwarfs are balls of gas the size of Jupiter, less massive than stars. Thereâs one for every three or four stars near the Sun.Â
Although brown dwarfs are common, they can be hard to spot because they shine so faintly compared to stars. Having twice as many brown dwarfs to study allows astronomers a deeper understanding of these elusive objects. Already, this vital new list of brown dwarfs has revealed a new variety of objects â the extreme T subdwarfs and many other rarities, such as ultra-cool objects and a brown dwarf that appears to have aurorae. It has also helped us inventory the distribution of mass in our galaxy and map our cosmic neighborhood.Â
The discoveries are published in a paper published in the Astronomical Journal, led by astronomer Adam Schneider from the U.S. Naval Observatory. They represent work done over the course of ten years aided by a team of roughly 200,000 volunteers. Of the paperâs 75 authors, 61 are volunteers. Two of the other authors began their work with the team as volunteers and then embarked on careers in astronomy.
âI truly appreciate the recognition for all of us who collaborated, in some way, on this effort,â said Walter Ruben Robledo, an amateur astronomer and Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 volunteer from Cordoba, Argentina.
âWhen I received the news about the co-authorship, I thought: Yes, dreams do come true,â said another volunteer, Mayahuel Torres Guerrero, from Mexico City.
The volunteers discovered these brown dwarfs in images taken by NASAâs retired Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Near-Earth-Object WISE Reactivation mission (NEOWISE-R). They examined the data using the Zooniverse citizen science platform, searching for moving objects by blinking images taken over a 16-year time period. Some volunteers even contributed by building their own search tools and data analysis software.
Want to help make the next brown dwarf discovery? The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 project is still sifting through more than 2 billion sources seen by WISE and NEOWISE-R. Join the search at backyardwords.org.

2026-05-05 04:01
Volcanic activity takes on many forms in western El Salvador. The land near the city of AhuachapĂĄn is pockmarked with craters and covered with recent lava flows. Meanwhile, a geothermal field feeds geysers, heats mineral pools, and powers a long-operating energy plant. The area is part of a volcanic landscape that stretches more than 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) along the Pacific coast from Guatemala to Panama, composing the Central American Volcanic Arc.Â
On the right side of the image, Santa Ana stands at 2,381 meters (7,812 feet) above sea level as the countryâs tallest volcano. Its summit features several crescent-shaped ridges surrounding a hot, acidic crater lake. The volcano remains active, with small to moderate explosive eruptions recorded since the 16th century. Its most recent significant eruption, in 2005, launched a dense gas and ash column high in the air and sent lahars down its slopes.
In 1770, another volcano began forming on Santa Anaâs southern flank. Izalco grew into a steep-sided stratovolcano through frequent eruptions over the next two centuries. Its regular activityâincluding Strombolian eruptions and lava fountainsâearned it the nickname âLighthouse of the Pacific,â as people at sea were reported to witness its glowing emanations. The âlighthouseâ has since powered down, with Izalcoâs most recent activity occurring in 1966.Â
A line of forested, dimpled stratovolcano peaks arcing across the scene forms the Apaneca Range. There are no recorded eruptions of these volcanoes in the Holocene (the past 11,700 years), but persistent geothermal activity along the range manifests in the form of fumaroles, hot springs, and steam vents. Sudden and deadly steam explosions occasionally occur in the area, including a blast in October 1990 near the rangeâs Laguna Verde volcano. More recently, a 2025 steam eruption near a popular hot springs facility spurred evacuations and damaged infrastructure.
Though sometimes hazardous, the regionâs heat source has also been tapped for geothermal power. The AhuachapĂĄn Geothermal Power Plant has operated since 1975, leveraging groundwater naturally heated to around 250 degrees Celsius (480 degrees Fahrenheit) and local fault systems. By the early 1980s, the plant was producing 40 percent of El Salvadorâs electricity. Some scholars note that this high level of production coincided with a period of civil unrest and population growth in the region.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Michala Garrison, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Lindsey Doermann.
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